Top 10 Best Hockey Helmet for Concussion Prevention Now!

For anyone who plays hockey regularly, protecting the head from injury is a top priority. Concussions remain a serious concern, making it crucial to choose the right gear that offers reliable protection without compromising comfort or visibility.

This review is designed for hockey players of all levels who want to reduce the risk of head injuries through proper equipment. We will explore key features that contribute to safety, such as advanced impact absorption and secure fit systems, helping you understand what sets certain helmets apart.

Throughout this article, you’ll learn about several helmets known for reducing concussion risks, their construction materials, and how they perform in real-world conditions. By the end, you will have a clearer idea of which helmet might suit your needs and provide peace of mind on the ice.

Protect Your Game with Top-Tier Headgear Designed for Maximum Impact Safety

Image	Product	Price
Our Choice 1	Bauer RE-AKT 55 Helmet Combo	Check Price
Our Choice 2	TronX S30 Straight-Cut Hockey Helmet Clear Visor (Anti-Scratch/Anti-Fog) CE Certified	Check Price
Our Choice 3	Bauer Re-Akt 65 Senior Hockey Helmet	Check Price

1. Bauer RE-AKT 55 Helmet Combo

Experience enhanced protection on the ice with the Bauer RE-AKT 55 Helmet Combo, designed to offer superior safety and comfort. This helmet integrates a sturdy facemask and adjustable fit, making it a reliable choice for players prioritizing both security and convenience.

Constructed to meet the demands of adult hockey players, the RE-AKT 55 combines durable materials with thoughtful design. Its adjustable sizing mechanism allows for a personalized, snug fit across small to large head circumferences. The included Bauer X facemask ensures solid facial protection without compromising visibility or breathability.

Built to meet certification standards, this helmet offers a balance of comfort and impact resistance, helping to reduce concussion risk during gameplay.

The helmet’s one-clip adjustment system simplifies fitting, making it quick to customize on the fly. Its shell design features lightweight yet robust construction for long-lasting use.

Ventilation channels help maintain airflow, reducing heat buildup during intense sessions.

Performance-wise, the RE-AKT 55 provides confidence with a secure cage attachment that stays firmly in place. The combination of helmet and facemask offers comprehensive head coverage ideal for rigorous ice hockey activities. This set aligns well with players seeking dependable headgear without sacrificing comfort or style.

This set aligns well with players seeking dependable headgear without sacrificing comfort or style.

Pros

• Adjustable sizing for a precise, customized fit
• Bauer X facemask delivers strong facial protection
• Lightweight design combined with certified impact resistance

Cons

• Limited color options to match personal preferences

Bauer RE-AKT 55 Helmet Combo offers an effective blend of safety, comfort, and user-friendly features. It stands out as a dependable option for players focused on reducing concussion risk while maintaining flexibility on the ice.

2. TronX S30 Straight-Cut Hockey Helmet Clear Visor (Anti-Scratch/Anti-Fog) CE Certified

Experience enhanced protection and clear vision on the ice with the TronX S30 Straight-Cut Hockey Helmet Clear Visor. Designed to maintain visibility in every situation, it features advanced coatings that resist fog and scratches.

This visor stands out as a perfect upgrade for hockey players prioritizing safety and performance.

Constructed with precision, the visor offers distortion-free optics to keep the entire range of your vision sharp. The polycarbonate material is treated with a special anti-fog and scratch-resistant coating, providing reliable clarity even in fluctuating temperatures.

Build quality is emphasized through its CE certification, confirming compliance with European safety standards. Its straight-cut design balances protection with comfort, allowing unrestricted sightlines and easy breathability. The visor enhances durability without adding bulk, appealing to players seeking a lightweight but robust accessory.

Performance-wise, the anti-fog feature eliminates common visibility issues during intense play, while the scratch-resistant surface extends the lifespan significantly. Installation is straightforward, letting users upgrade their helmet with minimal effort. This visor suits adult hockey players aiming to improve helmet functionality with a cost-effective and dependable solution.

Pros

• Clear, distortion-free optics for improved field vision
• Durable anti-fog and scratch-resistant coating
• CE certified and compatible with most hockey helmets

Cons

• Only available in clear visors without tinted options

Overall, the TronX S30 Straight-Cut Hockey Helmet Clear Visor delivers reliable eye protection paired with excellent visibility. It offers a practical upgrade for hockey players seeking a balance between durability and comfort. Compared to similar visors, it stands out for its effective coatings and ease of installation.

3. Bauer Re-Akt 65 Senior Hockey Helmet

Elevate your protective gear with the Bauer Re-Akt 65 Senior Hockey Helmet designed for serious players seeking reliable safety. Engineered to provide excellent protection, it focuses on reducing the impact forces associated with hockey-related collisions.

Comfort meets performance in a lightweight and adjustable design that fits securely during intense play. Certified to meet rigorous safety standards, this helmet offers dependable coverage without sacrificing mobility.

The helmet features a three-size range—Small, Medium, and Large—to accommodate head circumferences from 20 to 24 inches. Adjustment is user-friendly with manually flip-up back clips, allowing players to easily customize the fit on the fly.

Inside, the foam padding efficiently absorbs impacts to reduce concussion risks while providing breathable comfort during long sessions. The lightweight shell helps minimize neck strain without compromising strength or coverage.

Thanks to its thoughtful design, setup and adjustments require minimal effort, helping players maintain focus on the game.

Ideal for hockey players who prioritize head protection and comfort, the Bauer Re-Akt 65 offers practical features at a competitive value. Compared to other helmets in the same category, it stands out due to its reliable impact management system and customizable fit. This helmet balances safety and convenience, making it well suited for competitive and recreational use alike.

Pros

• Adjustable fit system with flip-up back clips for easy customization
• Certified safety standards: CSA, HECC, and CE approved
• Lightweight design that reduces neck fatigue during play

Cons

• Limited color options available

The Bauer Re-Akt 65 Senior Hockey Helmet combines safety, comfort, and adjustability into a dependable headgear solution. Its thoughtful design helps players stay protected without sacrificing comfort during every shift on the ice.

4. Bauer Re-Akt 70 Hockey Helmet, Senior

Experience reliable head protection on the ice with the Bauer Re-Akt 70 Hockey Helmet, Senior edition. Designed to deliver enhanced safety and comfort, this helmet is crafted for adult players seeking dependable equipment during intense games.

Offering a secure fit and advanced features, the helmet addresses modern safety demands while maintaining lightweight performance. Whether for practice or competitive play, it balances protection and usability effectively.

The Bauer Re-Akt 70 features three size options, accommodating head circumferences from 20 to 25 inches. Its simple, one-clip adjustment system allows quick, precise fitting by flipping up and manually pulling the helmet open or closed.

Constructed using durable materials, the helmet meets certification standards that confirm its protective capabilities. Its solid build guards against impacts commonly experienced in hockey, helping to reduce the risk of serious head injuries. An integral part of the helmet’s design is shock absorption, which adds a layer of concussion prevention.

An integral part of the helmet’s design is shock absorption, which adds a layer of concussion prevention.

Performance is enhanced by lightweight construction and proper ventilation, which keeps players comfortable on the ice. Ideal for adult hockey participants, this helmet supports safety without compromising on style or practicality.

It offers solid value thanks to a blend of protection, adjustability, and comfort tailored to the serious player.

Pros

• Adjustable one-clip mechanism for a secure and precise fit
• Certified protection designed to absorb impacts and reduce concussion risk
• Available in multiple sizes, ensuring comfort for various head measurements

Cons

• Helmet sold without a face cage or visor, requiring separate purchase

The Bauer Re-Akt 70 Hockey Helmet combines essential safety features with ease of use, making it a dependable choice for adult hockey players. Its balance of comfort, adjustability, and concussion protection supports confident play in every game.

5. TronX S980 Senior Adult Clear Certified Hockey Full Face Shield

Safety on the ice remains a top priority, and the TronX S980 Senior Adult Clear Certified Hockey Full Face Shield offers comprehensive protection tailored for senior players. It delivers complete face and eye coverage with a crystal-clear visor designed to enhance visibility during fast-paced gameplay.

Designed for durability and comfort, this shield provides peace of mind without compromising performance. Advanced coatings ensure clarity under varying conditions, making it a reliable choice in competitive hockey environments.

The TronX S980 shield provides full coverage, protecting the face, eyes, and head effectively. Its transparent design grants an unobstructed view of the rink, which helps players maintain awareness and quick reactions during play.

Constructed with robust materials, this 2024 model withstands impacts and the wear associated with intense hockey matches. Tailored for senior adults, it includes an ergonomic design with adjustable straps and a floating chin cup for a snug, personalized fit. This ensures the shield stays securely in place without sacrificing comfort during movement or collisions.

Compatibility is a major advantage—this face shield fits all senior hockey helmets and includes all necessary mounting equipment. CE certification confirms it meets safety standards.

Suitable for players seeking additional face protection while maintaining excellent visibility and comfort, it strikes a balance between safety and usability.

Pros

• Full face, eye, and head protection with clear visibility
• Anti-fog and anti-scratch coatings for lasting clarity
• Adjustable, ergonomic fit with floating chin cup for comfort

Cons

• May not appeal to players who prefer open-face helmets for increased ventilation

This face shield provides dependable protection without hindering sight or movement, making it an excellent choice for adult hockey players seeking enhanced safety. Its strong build and thoughtful design offer lasting value for those committed to safe, confident play on the ice.

6. TronX S40 Vented-Cut Hockey Helmet Clear Visor (Anti-Scratch/Anti-Fog) CE Certified

Protection and clear visibility are paramount in hockey, and the TronX S40 Vented-Cut Hockey Helmet offers a reliable solution. Featuring a clear visor with anti-scratch and anti-fog coatings, it delivers durability and clarity for consistent performance.

Designed to meet CE certification standards, this helmet visor is built for safety and comfort.

Engineered for adult players, the visor stands 75 inches tall at the center, providing excellent coverage without compromising the range of vision. The distortion-free optics ensure players maintain clear sightlines during gameplay.

The distortion-free optics ensure players maintain clear sightlines during gameplay. Its specially formulated coating resists fog and scratches, maintaining clear vision in varying temperature conditions, which is a must during intense matches or training sessions.

The TronX S40 visor is compatible with most certified hockey helmets, making it a versatile addition to your gear. Its all-inclusive mounting hardware simplifies installation, ensuring a secure fit.

Manufactured by TronX, a trusted name in hockey equipment, the build quality is robust to withstand impacts and regular wear. The vented-cut design enhances airflow, reducing heat buildup inside the helmet.

Performance-wise, its clarity remains consistent through various lighting and weather conditions, largely thanks to the advanced polycarbonate material used. The ease of use is notable, with quick and straightforward mounting.

This visor is an excellent choice for adult hockey players who prioritize both protection and clear visibility on the ice. It offers a reliable balance of durability, comfort, and visibility, ideal for competitive play and training sessions.

Pros

• Clear visor with anti-fog and anti-scratch coatings for optimal visibility
• CE certified providing trusted protection standards
• Easy to install with all mounting hardware included

Cons

• Visor height may not suit players seeking maximum face coverage

The TronX S40 Vented-Cut Hockey Helmet visor delivers dependable protection and visual clarity. Its combination of durable materials and thoughtful design makes it a valuable addition to hockey safety gear. Ideal for players wanting a visor that performs well under diverse playing conditions.

This product strikes a good balance between affordability and quality compared with similar visors in the market.

7. Guardian Cap – Soft-Shell Helmet Cover for Hockey – Reduces

Enhance on-ice safety with the Guardian Cap, a soft-shell helmet cover designed to reduce the impact severity in hockey. This innovative accessory fits over any standard helmet, adding a flexible, padded layer for improved protection during physical play. Lightweight and adaptable, it supports players across all ages and skill levels.

Lightweight and adaptable, it supports players across all ages and skill levels.

Combining comfort and function, the Guardian Cap not only cushions blows but also helps regulate helmet temperature, improving the overall experience. Its unique material design minimizes force transfer by allowing the cover to slide on impact, offering an extra defense without sacrificing mobility.

The Guardian Cap serves as a protective addition by fitting securely over all youth and adult hockey helmets. It adds a soft, padded shell that absorbs shocks from collisions with the ice, boards, or other players. This cover does not interfere with the helmet’s original safety features or its visor.

Made with lightweight materials weighing less than half a pound, it enhances temperature control inside the helmet. This insulation helps reduce the noise and vibrations felt during impacts, making gameplay more comfortable. The fabric used allows the cap to move independently on impact, redirecting energy to lessen severity.

Thanks to an easy application system, attaching and removing the Guardian Cap is quick and hassle-free. It also protects the helmet’s paint and decals from wear and tear over time.

The design is inspired by effective technology used in football helmets, adapted here to meet hockey safety requirements.

Pros

• Compatible with all youth and adult hockey helmets
• Lightweight padding that helps regulate helmet temperature
• Reduces impact severity by redirecting energy on collisions

Cons

• Does not replace the need for a properly fitted hockey helmet

The Guardian Cap offers a practical and effective layer of impact protection that complements standard hockey helmets. Its distinctive technology reduces shock while enhancing comfort and durability. For those seeking an additional safety measure on the ice, this helmet cover provides noticeable benefits without compromising mobility.

8. TronX S920 Senior Full Hockey Helmet Cage & Shield Clear

Stay protected on the ice with the TronX S920 Senior Full Hockey Helmet Cage & Shield Clear, designed to offer comprehensive facial and head coverage. Its upgraded 2024 design combines advanced safety with clear visibility, perfect for adult hockey players seeking reliable protection and comfort.

Equipped with reinforced hardware and a full shield, this helmet cage shields your entire face while allowing an unobstructed view of the game. Anti-fog and anti-scratch coatings maintain clear vision throughout intense play, keeping distractions away during fast-paced action.

The helmet cage offers durable construction made from quality materials, built to endure impacts and rough use typical in hockey games. Its ergonomic shape and adjustable straps deliver a secure, customized fit for senior players. The floating chin cup also adds to the comfort by ensuring the shield stays properly positioned during movement.

The floating chin cup also adds to the comfort by ensuring the shield stays properly positioned during movement.

Compatibility is a strong suit, as the shield fits all senior hockey helmets and includes all necessary mounting equipment for hassle-free installation. CE certification underscores its compliance with safety standards.

Pros

• Full face protection with reinforced hardware and shield
• Anti-fog interior and anti-scratch exterior coatings
• Adjustable straps and floating chin cup for a secure fit

Cons

• Clear shield may show scratches more visibly over time

The TronX S920 delivers solid protection and comfort tailored for senior hockey players. Its combination of visibility, durability, and custom fit makes it a strong contender among hockey helmets focused on safety and performance.

9. Hockey Helmet Chin Strap with Single Snap

Enhance your hockey gear with a reliable chin strap designed to offer secure fit and comfort. This chin strap with a single snap closure provides consistent support during intense game play or practice sessions.

Constructed for durability and ease of use, it ensures your helmet stays firmly in place without compromising freedom of movement. Ideal for players of all ages, it complements various helmet styles and contributes to enhanced on-ice safety.

The Hockey Helmet Chin Strap with Single Snap offers a straightforward solution for securing your helmet effectively. Made with sturdy plastic clips, it guarantees long-lasting performance even under active use.

Its simple loop combo design allows for quick attachment and removal, saving valuable time before hitting the ice.

Comfort is prioritized by providing adjustable fitting without fuss, reducing helmet slippage while playing. The strap’s lightweight nature avoids adding bulk, thus maintaining an unobtrusive feel during play sessions. Compatibility with multiple helmet models means you won’t need additional gear to replace or upgrade your current strap.

Compatibility with multiple helmet models means you won’t need additional gear to replace or upgrade your current strap.

Thanks to its versatile design, the strap suits athletes focusing on maintaining helmet position for safety and consistency. It offers a practical upgrade for players aiming to improve their helmet stability without added complexity. This product combines functionality with convenience, making it a smart choice for hockey participants.

This product combines functionality with convenience, making it a smart choice for hockey participants.

Pros

• Durable plastic clip ensures reliable attachment and long use
• Adjustable strap fits a wide range of age groups and helmet types
• Easy installation and removal saves time before and after games

Cons

• Single snap design may offer less redundancy compared to double snaps

With straightforward functionality and durable construction, this chin strap is a dependable accessory for securing hockey helmets. It balances convenience, comfort, and performance, making it a valuable addition to any player’s equipment collection.

10. Bauer Hockey Concept 3 Full Face Shield Visor

Protect your head with the Bauer Hockey Concept 3 Full Face Shield Visor, designed for safety and clear vision. This shield fits a wide range of helmet sizes, providing reliable protection suited for various players. Its certified safety standards guarantee peace of mind on the ice.

Combining comfort and durability, the full face shield offers excellent impact resistance to help reduce injury risks. Clear vision is maintained with its anti-fog design, optimizing performance during intense gameplay. Easy to install, the shield comes with mounting hardware and a storage bag for convenience.

The Bauer Hockey Concept 3 shield fits helmets from youth to adult sizes, making it versatile for beginner and seasoned players alike. Constructed with high-quality materials, it meets CSA, HECC, and CE certification standards for trusted protection. Its lightweight design, only 18 ounces, prevents added bulk and maintains helmet balance during play.

Vision clarity is supported by the visor’s clear shield that resists scratches and fogging, allowing players to stay focused. Quick to attach and detach, the visor includes all mounting hardware and a protective storage bag for easy upkeep. The shield is particularly suited for those seeking enhanced face protection and durability without sacrificing visibility.

The shield is particularly suited for those seeking enhanced face protection and durability without sacrificing visibility.

Customer feedback highlights the strong fit and effective shielding it provides during physical games. Compared to other face guards, this model offers a greater coverage area while maintaining a snug, secure fit to improve safety and comfort.

Players concerned about concussion prevention will appreciate the reliable barrier it creates between impact and sensitive facial areas.

Pros

• Certified by CSA, HECC, and CE for trustworthy safety compliance
• Fits a broad range of helmet sizes, from junior to senior
• Anti-fog, scratch-resistant shield promotes clear vision throughout the game

Cons

• Limited to helmets compatible with Bauer Concept 3 mounts

With robust certifications and versatile fit, the Bauer Hockey Concept 3 Full Face Shield Visor delivers dependable protection and clear sight on the ice. Its thoughtful design supports player safety and comfort, making it a valuable addition to hockey gear for improved concussion prevention.

Top Hockey Helmets for Concussion Prevention in 2024

Helmet safety standards and certifications

When choosing a hockey helmet geared toward concussion prevention, paying attention to safety certifications like CSA, HECC, and ASTM can provide assurance about the product’s protective capabilities. These certifications indicate that the helmet has passed rigorous testing for impact absorption and durability, reflecting real-world scenarios on the ice.

Helmets designed with multiimpact protection aims to reduce the effects of repeated hits and collisions, which is especially beneficial for players who spend extensive time practicing or competing. Interpreting laboratory test results alongside consumer feedback helps paint a full picture of how these helmets perform both in controlled conditions and during actual games. Taking these factors into account can lead to a practical choice that balances comfort, fit, and advanced safety features to help minimize concussion risks effectively.

Fit and comfort

When choosing the best hockey helmet for concussion prevention, paying attention to proper sizing along with adjustable fit systems greatly enhances protection by keeping the helmet securely in place during play. Helmets that incorporate quality padding materials not only cushion impacts effectively but also promote breathability, allowing air to circulate and reduce discomfort caused by sweat.

Considering these factors helps in selecting a helmet that supports both safety and wearability throughout practices and games.

Durability and maintenance

The shell and liner material of a helmet play a major role in how long it will last and how well it can protect. Materials that resist wear and maintain their shape over time help extend the helmet’s lifespan.

Cleaning becomes easier when liners can be removed, which also promotes better hygiene and comfort since sweat and dirt do not build up inside. Helmets with removable liners tend to be more convenient for regular upkeep. It is wise to keep an eye on any noticeable damage such as cracks, worn padding, or compromised straps, as these signs suggest that it might be time to replace the helmet.

Wearing a helmet past its effective use period can reduce safety, so replacing it periodically ensures continued performance and protection on the ice.

Visibility and ventilation

A helmet’s design directly influences a player’s field of vision by shaping how much they can see without obstruction while maintaining safety. A well-crafted helmet allows for a broad, clear view of the rink, which is vital during fast gameplay and quick decision-making. At the same time, the placement and size of vents affect how air moves through the helmet.

Properly positioned vents promote effective airflow, helping to keep the player cool and reduce sweat buildup during intense activity. Balancing the need for ventilation with protective elements involves ensuring that vent openings do not compromise the helmet’s structural integrity.

Manufacturers often integrate vents in areas less likely to be impacted while maintaining padding thickness in critical zones. This approach allows for sufficient breathability without sacrificing the helmet’s ability to absorb shocks, offering both comfort and safety throughout the game.

Concussion prevention technologies

When choosing the best hockey helmet designed to reduce the risk of concussions, paying attention to the types of impact-absorbing foams used can make a significant difference. Expanded polypropylene foam offers excellent durability and better recovery after impacts, while expanded polystyrene foam is effective at absorbing single high-energy hits but tends to compress permanently, requiring replacement after a strong collision. Another important feature involves systems aimed at reducing rotational forces, such as Multi-directional Impact Protection Systems (MIPS), which allow the helmet to slightly rotate upon impact, helping to minimize brain twisting that can cause injury.

Another important feature involves systems aimed at reducing rotational forces, such as Multi-directional Impact Protection Systems (MIPS), which allow the helmet to slightly rotate upon impact, helping to minimize brain twisting that can cause injury. Shell design also plays a critical role; models constructed with advanced materials like carbon fiber or reinforced polycarbonate provide a balance of lightweight protection and structural integrity that improves safety without adding cumbersome weight. These technologies combined contribute to helmets that suit varying playing styles—from youth leagues needing reliable protection and comfort to adults facing faster, more aggressive gameplay.

When shopping, it is advisable to verify that the helmet meets safety certifications and fits snugly to maximize the benefits of these features while ensuring comfort during play.

Price and warranty considerations

Choosing the best hockey helmet for concussion prevention involves balancing budget and the level of safety features you desire. Entry-level helmets may offer basic protection suitable for casual players, while more advanced models often include enhanced padding, multi-layered impact absorption technology, and improved fit systems designed to reduce the risk of head injuries during play. Understanding how you plan to use the helmet, whether for recreational games or competitive sport, helps in selecting the right combination of comfort and protection.

Alongside the physical attributes, examining the warranty coverage can give insight into the manufacturer’s confidence in their product and provide peace of mind through customer support channels. This support can be especially valuable if adjustments or replacements are needed after purchase.

Ultimately, investing in a helmet that provides a strong value for money means prioritizing protection benefits that align with your needs, ensuring you get durable equipment that maintains safety without overspending on features that may not be necessary for your style of play.

Frequently Asked Questions

How Does Helmet Technology Help In Preventing Concussions During Hockey Games?

Helmet technology helps prevent concussions in hockey by incorporating advanced materials and padding that absorb and dissipate impact forces, reducing the shock transferred to the brain. Additionally, improved helmet designs enhance fit and stability, minimizing movement during collisions and further protecting against head injuries.

Which Hockey Helmets Are Rated Highest For Reducing Concussion Risk?

Hockey helmets with advanced multi-density foam liners and MIPS (Multi-directional Impact Protection System) technology are rated highest for reducing concussion risk. Brands like CCM, Bauer, and Warrior offer top-rated models that incorporate these features for enhanced protection.

What Features Should I Look For In The Best Hockey Helmet For Concussion Prevention?

Look for a hockey helmet with advanced multi-layer foam padding and a shock-absorbing liner designed to reduce impact forces. Additionally, ensure it has a secure fit system and meets recognized safety certifications for optimal concussion prevention.

How Often Should A Hockey Helmet Be Replaced To Ensure Maximum Concussion Protection?

A hockey helmet should be replaced every 3 to 5 years or immediately after a significant impact to ensure maximum concussion protection. Regularly inspecting the helmet for cracks or damage is also essential for safety.

Are There Any Certifications Or Standards That Indicate A Hockey Helmet’S Effectiveness Against Concussions?

Yes, hockey helmets are often certified by organizations like the Hockey Equipment Certification Council (HECC) and meet standards set by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and ASTM International, which indicate their effectiveness in impact protection. However, no helmet can completely prevent concussions, as these certifications primarily ensure helmet safety against skull fractures and severe head injuries.

Final Words

Choosing the best hockey helmet for concussion prevention involves balancing impact protection, comfort, and fit. While no helmet can guarantee full protection against concussions, models designed with advanced padding and reinforced shells offer meaningful risk reduction.

Some drawbacks include higher cost and occasional weight concerns, but these trade-offs are often outweighed by the potential injury prevention benefits. For those seeking reliable head protection during intense play, investing in a helmet specifically engineered for concussion prevention provides peace of mind and enhanced safety.

Ultimately, selecting the right helmet depends on individual needs and budget, but focusing on concussion prevention features helps make a well-informed choice.